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--- w_l_braddon [2023/01/08 22:55] – [Peninggalan] sazli
+++ w_l_braddon [2023/01/09 21:02] (kini) – [Kronologi] sazli
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Dr. William Leonard (W.L.) Braddon (1861-1936) ======
+====== Dr. William Leonard (W.L.) Braddon (1862-1936) ======
 ===== Dirujuk oleh =====
-  * [[beri-beri|Beri-Beri di Tanah Melayu (1880-1910)]]
+  * [[beri-beri|Beri-Beri di Tanah Melayu (1848-1910)]]
+===== Perihal =====
+Dr. Braddon adalah antara tokoh awal yang membuat kajian tentang penyakit beri-beri, dan berjaya mengenalpasti tindakan pencegahan yang sewajarnya, walaupun kesimpulan dapatannya tersasar: //"The other colourful figure was State Surgeon, Negri Sembilan, Mr W. L. Braddon, M.B., F.R.C.S., who devoted a considerable amount of time pioneering clinical studies and research on beriberi. His monumental work, published in book form in London in 1907, embodied the acute clinical and epidemiological observations of many years. He unfortunately narrowly missed making an epochmaking discovery of the disease being due to vitamin B1 deficiency. Nevertheless, it was the guidance provided by his pioneering work that enabled later workers in Malaya to arrive at the correct solution."//  (S. M. A. ALHADY, August 1978: {{ :buku:alhady1978.pdf ||}}[[https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.1978.tb04875.x|"THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF SURGERY IN MALAYSIA"]]).
 ===== Kronologi =====
-**1861**: Dilahirkan.
+**1862-05-29**: Dilahirkan: //"BRADDON, Dr. William Leonard (SEREMBAN), M.B., B.S., Lond., F.R.C.S., Eng. ; State Surgeon ; b. May 29, 1862; i. Oct. 13, 1897,"// (Japan Press, 1908: {{ :buku:whoswhofareast_1907_michigan.pdf ||}}[[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/msu.31293027864002|"Who's who in the Far East. 1907-1908"]]), m.s.27).
 **1884**: Selesai pengajian perubatan di Guy's Hospital:-
@@ Line 26: / Line 30: @@
   * //"... after some years working in partnership with his father in Upton-on-Severn, he made several voyages as a ship's medical officer, and eventually settled in Malaya as a district surgeon."// (Wellcome Collection: {{ :laman:braddon_william_leonard_1861-1935_wellcome_collection.pdf ||}}[[https://wellcomecollection.org/works/b3twuraf|"Braddon, William Leonard (1861-1935)"]]).
-**1900**: Masih sebagai State Surgeon, Negeri Sembilan, bertugas di Hospital Besar Seremban: //"Dr SHR Lucy in State Surgeon in Selangor reported in 1900 that ‘praise is due to them for the way they have met this press of work: at the same time, it is impossible, with the present staff to do justice to the patients”. The same year, Dr WL Braddon, State Surgeon in Negeri Sembilan wrote ‘The apothecary at Seremban General Hospital is quite useless… but I have no qualified assistant upon whom I can place any reliance’. He found his dressers, all of whom were unqualified ‘proved capable of learning and deserving promotion’. Almost all of these subordinate staff were Asian or Eurasian."// (Lim Kean Ghee, 2016: {{ :buku:drlimkeangheebool-thehistoryofmedicineandhealthinmalaysia.pdf ||}}[[https://www.gerakbudaya.com/History-of-Medicine-and-Health-in-Malaysia|"THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH IN MALAYSIA"]], m.s.44).
+  * Ketika itu, beliau adalah antara yang awal merekodkan mangsa wabak beri-beri yang melanda Tanah Melayu: //"A severe outbreak of beriberi in Malaya was first observed in 1848. ... British colonial reports issued between 1886 and 1901 noted tens of thousands of deaths in Sumatra, Malaya and Singapore during that time. These included reports from Dr A. W. Sinclair, who served as the Selangor State surgeon from 1882-1888, and Dr Leonard Braddon serving in that state as District Surgeon. Both reported a particularly heavy toll amongst foreign workers, known as coolies, largely brought in to work on the colonies’ plantations, where they were supplied with food as cheaply as possible."// (Nia Deliana @ Inside Indonesia, Sep 15, 2022: {{ :laman:chasing_a_cure_for_beriberi_-_inside_indonesia_the_peoples_and_cultures_of_indonesia.pdf ||}}[[https://www.insideindonesia.org/chasing-a-cure-for-beriberi|"Chasing a cure for beriberi"]]).
+**1897-10-13**: Dilantik sebagai State Surgeon, Negeri Sembilan: //"BRADDON, Dr. William Leonard (SEREMBAN), M.B., B.S., Lond., F.R.C.S., Eng. ; State Surgeon ; b. May 29, 1862; i. Oct. 13, 1897,"// (Japan Press, 1908: {{ :buku:whoswhofareast_1907_michigan.pdf ||}}[[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/msu.31293027864002|"Who's who in the Far East. 1907-1908"]]), m.s.27). Beberapa rekod tugasannya:-
+  * **1900**: Kekurangan pembantu yang cekap di Hospital Besar Seremban: //"Dr SHR Lucy in State Surgeon in Selangor reported in 1900 that ‘praise is due to them for the way they have met this press of work: at the same time, it is impossible, with the present staff to do justice to the patients”. The same year, Dr WL Braddon, State Surgeon in Negeri Sembilan wrote ‘The apothecary at Seremban General Hospital is quite useless… but I have no qualified assistant upon whom I can place any reliance’. He found his dressers, all of whom were unqualified ‘proved capable of learning and deserving promotion’. Almost all of these subordinate staff were Asian or Eurasian."// (Lim Kean Ghee, 2016: {{ :buku:drlimkeangheebool-thehistoryofmedicineandhealthinmalaysia.pdf ||}}[[https://www.gerakbudaya.com/History-of-Medicine-and-Health-in-Malaysia|"THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH IN MALAYSIA"]], m.s.44).
+  * **1906**: Tersenarai dalam kakitangan Jabatan Perubatan Negeri Sembilan: //"Medical Department: General and Pauper Hospitals (Seremban): State Surgeon - W.L. Braddon, M.B., B.S. (LOND.), F.R.C.S., L.S.A."// (1906: [[https://books.google.com.my/books?id=jqXqXLxTW88C|"The Directory & Chronicle of China, Japan, Straits Settlements, Malaya, Borneo, Siam, the Philippines, Korea, Indo-China, Netherlands Indies, Etc"]], m.s. 1171).
-**1906**: Terlibat dalam vaksinasi cacar di Negeri Sembilan: //"Smallpox was a major disease in this region, and outbreaks were often deadly. ... Dr Braddon in Negeri Sembilan came up with the idea to engage schoolmasters to promote and perform vaccinations. By 1906, two-thirds of the vaccinations in Negeri Sembilan were carried out by Malay schoolteachers."// (Lim Kean Ghee, 2016: {{ :buku:drlimkeangheebool-thehistoryofmedicineandhealthinmalaysia.pdf ||}}[[https://www.gerakbudaya.com/History-of-Medicine-and-Health-in-Malaysia|"THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH IN MALAYSIA"]], m.s.30).
+  * **1906**: Vaksinasi cacar di Negeri Sembilan: //"Smallpox was a major disease in this region, and outbreaks were often deadly. ... Dr Braddon in Negeri Sembilan came up with the idea to engage schoolmasters to promote and perform vaccinations. By 1906, two-thirds of the vaccinations in Negeri Sembilan were carried out by Malay schoolteachers."// (Lim Kean Ghee, 2016: {{ :buku:drlimkeangheebool-thehistoryofmedicineandhealthinmalaysia.pdf ||}}[[https://www.gerakbudaya.com/History-of-Medicine-and-Health-in-Malaysia|"THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH IN MALAYSIA"]], m.s.30).
 **1907**: Penerbitan buku hasil kajiannya mengenai punca beri-beri:-