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--- haji_tahir [2025/12/01 17:20] – [Haji Mohamad Tahir (1800-an)] sazli
+++ haji_tahir [2025/12/01 18:59] (kini) – [Haji Muhammad Tahir bin Hj Mahmud (1800-1900-an)] sazli
@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 (Sumber: Ija Zahri @ Facebook, 19 Mac 2021: [[https://www.facebook.com/ijazahri/posts/pfbid021Ri4USuu8g8jomXxEk2FzB2HwtCnokYbeTUEcKoyarzZHHeP5c82vmnoPXgD6hgNl|"Sejarah Penanaman Kopi di Klang"]]).
+====== Kronologi ======
+===== 1878-02-10: Hadir di Upacara Penyerahan Rekoh kepada Selangor =====
+{{:peta:peta-cadangan-sempadan-selangor-sungeiujong-1877.png?400|1878-02-10: Penyerahan Rekoh kepada Selangor}}
+Asalnya Sungai Langat merupakan sempadan antara Klang dan Sungai Ujong: //"Kawasan Sungai Ujong masa dahulu sangat luas, beberapa buah tempat di dalam Negeri Selangor sekarang ini dahulunya dalam kawasan Sungai Ujong. Tempat itu ialah seperti Kajang, Rakoh, Semenyeh, Beranang dan beberapa kampong lain lagi yang kecil-kecil. Sempadan di antara Dato' Kelana Sungai Ujong dengan To' Engku Kelang, Batang Langat (Sungai Langat). Kanan mudek kawasan Sungai Ojong dan kiri mudek kawasan Dato' Engku Kelang. Kawasan sebelah kanan Sungai Langat ini ialah kawasan-kawasan yang termasuk Kajang, Semenyeh, Rakoh dan Beranang. Pada masa Sungai Ujong di perintah oleh Dato' Kelana Sendeng (Dato' Kelana ke-V) Semenyeh telah diberikan kepada Tunku Sutan menantu kepada Raja Husin waris Sungai Ujong. Tunku Sutan dan Raja Husin telah membuka Semenyeh hingga ramai penduduk-penduduknya. Banyak hasil bijih timah dikeluarkan dari sana dan telah diberi izin oleh Dato' Kelana akan Tunku Sutan dan Raja Husin memungut cukai-cukai itu untuk sara hidup mereka. Kemudian Raja Husin membuka Beranang pula pada tahun 1878."// (Perpustakaan Negeri Sembilan: {{ :lampiran:82a6de76e4954a58c4a64258c6384737.pdf ||}}[[https://malaycivilization.com.my/items/show/98078|"Sungai Ujong"]]).
+Peluasan pengaruh Bugis di Selangor telah pun berlangsung sejak awal kurun ke-18 lagi. Sungai Sepang yang dahulunya di dalam Negeri Sembilan, telah jatuh ke tangan mereka. Lukut khususnya, mula diduduki pada tahun 1815, seiring dengan kegiatan melombong bijih timah di sana:-
+  * Raja Busu (1815-1834)
+  * Raja Jumaat (1846-1864)
+  * Raja Bot bin Raja Jumaat (1864-1880)
+Mereka terus memperluaskan pengaruh sehingga ke Sungai Linggi. Ini menimbulkan ketegangan di antara kedua belah pihak. Pembahagian persempadanan dalam perjanjian 1863-11-24 di antara Sultan Abdul Samad dan Dato Kelana Sendeng gagal menyelesaikannya.
+Sementara itu di Ulu Langat sebelum 1870-an, kawasan pedalaman sebelah selatan Sungai Langat adalah hutan belantara yang hanya didiami oleh orang asli (Temuan), dan menjadi sempadan di antara Klang dan Sungai Ujong. Setelah Sultan Abdul Samad menduduki Kuala Langat, warga Selangor mula meneroka ke hulu Sungai Langat sehingga ke kawasan Kajang (Rekoh). Dalam masa yang sama, Raja Hussein membuka petempatan di Beranang dan Semenyih, di bawah Dato' Klana Sungai Ujong. (J. M. Gullick @ Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
+Vol. 22, No. 2 (148), Sungei Ujong (May 1949), pp. 1-69: [[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41560093|"Sungei Ujong"]], m.s.3).
+Pada tahun 1872, Dato' Kelana Sendeng Sungai Ujong meninggal dunia dan digantikan oleh anak saudaranya Syed Abdul Rahman. Pada tahun 1875 Sulan Selangor Sultan Abdul Samad melantik puteranya Raja Kahar sebagai pentadbir (Malay Magistrate) daerah Ulu Langat. Antara faktor keputusan ini ialah kehendak baginda untuk mengembalikan pengaruh keluarganya di daerah tersebut. (J. M. Gullick @ Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society Vol. 80, No. 2 (293) (December 2007): {{ :buku:10.2307_41493693.pdf ||}}[[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41493693|"A Short History of Ulu Langat to 1900"]], m.s. 7-8).
+Pada tahun yang sama (1875), terjadi peristiwa pemberontakan Rekoh (Rekoh Wreckage), yang diakhiri dengan perjanjian damai dengan Sultan Abdul Samad. (Khairil sedang gali telaga ini).
+Setelah campurtangan Inggeris di kedua-dua belah pihak selepas itu (Kapten Bloomfield Douglas (Residen British di Selangor) dan Kapten Murray (Residen British di Sungai Ujung), akhirnya pada 1878-02-10, Rekoh dan sekitarnya diserahkan kepada Selangor, manakala Lukut dan sekitarnya diserahkan kepada Sungai Ujong.
+Residen Selangor, Douglas menganjurkan acara proklamasi di Rekoh bagi mengumumkan penyerahan ini. Di dalam laporan beliau, dikatakan ada "kubu lama" dan beberapa pondok saja di Rekoh ketika itu. Beliau memanggil penduduk Ulu Langat, Kajang, dan Semenyih. Antara 200 orang yang hadir ketika itu ialah:-
+  * Haji Tahir, Dato' Dagang Kuala Lumpur
+  * Sheikh Mohamed Ali
+  * Inche Ambo, ketua pasukan Pahang yang menakluki Ulu Selangor ketika itu
+Douglas dan Murray (Residen Sungai Ujong) diiringi pasukan polis mengetuai acara. Dengan das tembakan, bendera Selangor dinaikkan, perjanjian persempadanan baru dibaca, diakhiri sorakan. Seekor kerbau dikorbankan untuk acara kenduri selepasnya.
+Petikan daripada J.M. Gullick (2007): //"Another unsettling factor was the uncertainty over the status of land along the right bank of the Langat River, upstream from its junction with the Labu River as far as Rekoh, claimed by Sungei Ujong. To colonial administrators, the solution seemed to lie in an exchange by which Selangor would regain land upstream from Labu village and cede a strip of land along the coast, including Lukut, so that the boundary ran inland from Sepang more or less at right angles to the coast. It would not give back to the Sultan all he claimed but he was quite blithe about giving up Lukut, no longer an important mining centre. After intermittent negotiations, lasting two years (1876-8) a deal on these lines was embodied in an agreement. Raja Bot, however, had inherited Lukut from his father, Raja Jumaat, to whom - so he claimed - Sultan Mohamed had ceded it in perpetuity. This dispute raised nice questions of whether a ruler could alienate state land for ever, but in the end Bot had to accept compensation for his lost patrimony. Douglas was not a man to miss an opportunity of military ceremony. When the 1878 treaty had been signed, he came to Rekoh, where there was 'an old fort' and 'a few huts ... the place is evidently not very flourishing'. The local people had been summoned from Ulu Langat, Kajang, and Semenyih to hear a proclamation read and some 200 attended. Among the notables present were Haji Tahir, Dato' Dagang of Kuala Lumpur, who 'assisted me very materially by entertaining the people', Sheikh Mohamed Ali, and Inche Ambo, the leader of the Pahang forces then in occupation of Ulu Selangor. Douglas and Murray, his opposite number from Sungei Ujong, each supported by a police contingent, led the ceremony, at which 'a gun was fired, the Selangor flag hoisted, the men presented arms, the treaty was read, and three cheers given' for everyone from the Governor downwards. A buffalo had been killed and 'a feast in native fashion commenced, everyone having his fill'. More potent perhaps was the change in taxation, since Douglas believed that his tariff was less onerous than that of Sungei Ujong. 'The change gives the miners great satisfaction and encouragement. '"//
+(Sumber: J. M. Gullick @ Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society Vol. 80, No. 2 (293) (December 2007): {{ :buku:10.2307_41493693.pdf ||}}[[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41493693|"A Short History of Ulu Langat to 1900"]], m.s. 9-10).
+Gambar: Peta cadangan sempadan Selangor-Sungei Ujong (1877), bersama perincian cadangan. Antaranya, Bukit Tunggul menjadi salah satu mercu tanda serta bucu sempadan tersebut (Survey Department, Singapore, 1877: {{ :arkibgambar:plan_of_boundary_between_selangore_and_sungei_ujong.pdf ||}}[[https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/maps_building_plans/record-details/f8f5e007-115c-11e3-83d5-0050568939ad|"Plan Of Boundary Between Selangore And Sungei Ujong"]]).
+===== 1885-05-23: Pembersihan Sungai Langat(?) =====
+{{:arkibgambar:19570004237d02-01.png?200|}}{{:arkibgambar:19570004237d02-08.png?200|}}{{:arkibgambar:19570004237d02-09.png?200|}}{{:arkibgambar:19570004237d02-10.png?200|}} \\
+Projek pembersihan Sungai Langat untuk laluan trafik, bermula dari Rekoh ke hilirnya. Ketika ini Sungai Langat masih lagi merupakan jalan pengangkutan utama bagi kawasan pedalaman. Pada mulanya [[https://bangi.pulasan.my/j_a_g_campbell|J.A.G. Campbell]] (majistret daerah Ulu Langat) meluluskan pembersihan dari Rekoh ke kawasan Kuala Labu dengan kos $1000 (di bawah tanggungan kedua-dua daerah Ulu dan Kuala Langat), pada 23 Mei 1885. Projek ini bakal dijalankan oleh seorang kontraktor bernama "Haji Tahir" (Mungkinkah merujuk Haji Tahir yang sama?). Namun setelah perbincangan yang agak panjang, pada 1 Ogos 1885 kos tersebut dikurangkan dari $1000 kepada $750, oleh sebab kekangan peruntukan kewangan oleh pihak pentadbiran British. Berikutan dengan itu, skop pembersihannya turut dikurangkan, pada mulanya dari Rekoh ke Kuala Semenyih, kemudian dilanjutkan sedikit, dari Rekoh ke Simpang Ampat. Menurut kontrak, kerja-kerja akan bermula pada 15 Ogos 1885 (PEJABAT SETIAUSAHA KERAJAAN NEGERI SELANGOR, 23/05/1885: {{ :arkib:19570004237d02.pdf ||}}[[http://ofa.arkib.gov.my/ofa/collection/asset/14250|"ABOUT HADJI TAHIR, UNDERTAKING A CONTRACT FOR CLEARING THE LANGAT RIVER FROM REKO; TO AS FAR AS IT REQUIRES CLEARING, DOWN STREAM"]]). \\
+{{peta:rekoh-simpangempat-marked.png?600|Sungai Langat (Rekoh-Simpang Ampat)}} \\
+Kawasan pembersihan Sungai Langat kini (Ditandakan dengan biru tua di dalam peta: di antara Rekoh dengan [[https://mapcarta.com/15836020|Kuala Semenyih]] dan [[https://mapcarta.com/15874338|Kampung Simpang Empat]] @ Mapcarta).
+**LATAR PERISTIWA: Perihal [[https://bangi.pulasan.my/j_a_g_campbell|J.A.G. Campbell]]**.
+===== 1887: Pembukaan Ladang Kopi Pertama di Lembah Klang =====
+//"**How It Began At Klang.** \\
+\\
+An old Resident's report gives exact details of the beginning of coffee in Selangor, and it is striking as showing that the credit for that enterprise must go to a Javanese and not to a European. This report says : \\
+\\
+'In 1887 Haji Mohamed Tahir, a Javanese, known in pre-Residential times us the Penghulu Dagang, or headman of the foreign settlers, obtained an advance of $4,000 from the Government, he being the owner of 95 acres of land, now held on customary tenure, and 700 acres under lease or agreement, and commenced planting up with arecanut palms, durians, mangosteens and coconuts. The demand for, and consequently the price of, areca-nuts has of recent years been much depressed, and the cultivation is no longer a paying one in Selangor. \\
+\\
+'In several places many acres of fine areca palms have now been cut down to make room for Liberian coffee, but the way was shown by Haji Mat Tahir, who, with extraordinary energy for a native, has drained his land and planted up a portion with coffee, which has proved so successful that he has been able to cut up most of his land into b!ocks, averaging from three to five acres, which he sublets at 50 cents an acre for coffee gardens to Chinese and foreign Malays........ The result has been that applications for coffee land are coming in rapidly from Europeans, Chinese and natives, and the quit-rent for the district has been raised from 25 to 50 cents an acre for coffee estates."//
+{{:akhbar:straitstimes19320625-1-2-98-01.png?305|Kedai kopi Cina di Selangor}}{{:akhbar:straitstimes19320625-1-2-98-02.png?305|}}{{:akhbar:straitstimes19320625-1-2-98-03.png?290|}} \\
+**Kiri**: Kedai kopi Cina di Selangor: //"This is a typical coffee store on a Chinese small holding in Selangor. The berries are first dried in the sun, passed through a de-husking machine, then through a winnowing machine to remove the outer covering substances, and finally roasted. The cycle of operations takes about a week. A great part of this Chinese coffee is consumed in the coffee-shops which are a familiar feature of every Malayan town."// \\
+**Tengah**: Bunga kopi Liberia: //"This is a fine photograph of the Liberian coffee flower. which is highly scented, making a walk over a coffee estate in the early morning a delightful experience. Another variety of low-country coffee which is not illustrated in these pictures is Robusta. This grows well in Malaya and is more popular with European consumers."// \\
+**Kanan**: Pokok kopi Liberia dalam kebun Cina berdekatan Serdang: //"This specimen of the Liberian coffee bush was photographed on a Chinese holding near Serdang. Large European estates in Malaya were planted with this crop thirty years ago."//
+(The Straits Times, 25 June 1932, Page 18: {{ :akhbar:straitstimes19320625-1-2-98.pdf ||}}[[https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19320625-1.2.98|"A JOURNAL IN THE FEDERAL CAPITAL"]]). (Gambar lebih jelas: The Straits Budget, 30 June 1932, Page 15: {{ :akhbar:straitsbudget19320630-1-2-63.pdf ||}}[[https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitsbudget19320630-1.2.63|"A JOURNAL IN THE FEDERAL CAPITAL"]]).
+===== 1891-10-16: Pembukaan Ayer Itam (Sekitar Puchong Kini) =====
+Dato Dagang Kuala Lumpur, Haji Mohamed Tahir melaporkan, beberapa orang peneroka tanah di Ayer Itam (sekitar Puchong kini) memerlukan masa yang lebih panjang untuk menerangkan kawasan hutan di situ, dan memohon penundaan persempadanan dan percukaian di situ. Namun dalam masa yang sama, sebahagian peneroka memerlukan jaminan akan hak pendudukan tanah mereka setelah selesai nanti. Pihak pentadbiran British memutuskan untuk mengeluarkan lesen pendudukan sementara selama 6 bulan bagi para peneroka tersebut:-
+{{:gambar:19570028016d02-03.png?200|}}{{:arkibgambar:19570028016d02-04.png?200|}}{{:arkibgambar:19570028016d02-05.png?200|}} \\
+//"Collector of Land Revenue,
+Haji Mohamed Tahir tells me these men have not yet finished clearing all the land, in view of this and their application, I think it would be well to leave them until next year. \\
+. Everything else in his mukim (Pataling) is pretty well settled, I would therefore ask the Resident consent to my handing this? once to you as soon I have got everything into order leaving the Ayer Itam people to be dealt with by you next year. \\
+-10-91. Sigd J.M. \\
+....\\
+Collector of Land Revenue,
+Yes. There are a good many applicants for new lands in various parts of the District, who are willing to pay for the land but ask for time to clear it first. \\
+. I should like to obtain the Residents permission to allow them to go on the land, merely keeping a list of their names and localities and giving them to understand that they have no title, or right until the land has been properly demarcated, & assessed by the Collector of Land Revenue.
+. This would not retard Settlement in any way and of course as they have not at present "existing holdings" they hardly come within my scope. \\
+At present Malays are somewhat afraid of going on to Govt land without some sort of "surat". \\
+This is a good thing but at the same time may retard settlement. \\
+. If it is considered necessary to give some sort of title. Temporary License forms might be used. Issued free of all charges and containing merely the names of applicants. These should be deposited with the Penghulu, who during the course of the next year should present them to the Land Office to be exchanged for Extracts from the Register. \\
+.10.91. Sigd JW. \\
+\\
+Settlement Officer, \\
+How would it do to issue Extract and defer Collection. \\
+.10.91. ?L.P.E. \\
+\\
+Collector of Land Revenue,
+This would not be any gain to the Land Office because demarcation must precede issue of Extracts and what I want to avoid is having to demarcate jungle, it is of course so much more expensive. \\
+. Then again the Extract and the Register bear the annual rent written on the face this would I think lead to confusion. \\
+. The plan I suggest would be very simple and be an economical way getting the land demarcated. \\
+. I should like the question settled as soon as possible. \\
+.10.91. Sigd. J.W. \\
+\\
+Settlement Officer, \\
+See Draft you had better for the period for which free Licenses are to be granted. \\
+-11-91. ?L.PE. \\
+\\
+Collector of Land Revenue,
+Thank you, I think six months is sufficient time to allow and have altered it accordingly as your draft. \\
+-11-91. ?JW."//
+(Sumber: PEJABAT SETIAUSAHA KERAJAAN NEGERI SELANGOR, 16/10/1891: {{ :arkib:19570028016d02.pdf ||}}[[https://ofa.arkib.gov.my/ofa/digital/asset/38529|"FORWARDS A COPY OF A PETITION FROM THE RECENT SETTLERS OF AYER ITAM WHO ASK THAT THEY MAY NOT BE IMMEDIATELY CALLED ON TO INCUR THE EXPENSE OF DEMARCATION OF THEIR LAND"]]).